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The following post, written by Tilman Ehrbeck, CEO of CGAP, was originally published on the Huffington Post Business Blog, with the title Behavioral Insights to Advance Financial Inclusion — or Why Swedes Are Not Necessarily Better Human Beings Than Danes.
In Sweden, all new drivers start out registered to be organ donors in the event of their passing. They have the freedom to opt out without negative consequences. Fourteen percent decide to do so and 86 percent remain organ donors. Across the Oresund, less than 10 miles away, Danes have to proactively decide whether they want to become organ donors. Less than 5 percent do, and more than 95 percent don’t. On the global scale of things, Sweden and Denmark are culturally quite similar: generally credited with being open-minded, socially responsible, common-sense Scandinavians.
The vast difference between Swedish and Danish organ donor participation rates (technically “presumed consent”) despite all the cultural similarities is one of the most dramatic examples of the power of policy design that takes into account pervasive human cognitive and behavioral biases to help us do what we generally think is a good thing, but often have a hard time following through with. One such bias is that, when decisions are tough, we tend to prefer the status quo; and relatedly, it’s much harder to proactively opt for something, rather than to simply stick with the offered default choice. (The approach, popularized by the term ‘nudging,’ even led the UK Prime Minister to set up a ‘nudge’ policy advisory unit.)
> Posted by Susy Cheston
This post is part of the Center for Financial Inclusion’s Expert Exchange: Building A Movement Toward Financial Inclusion by 2020, cultivating conversation around the goal of reaching full financial inclusion by 2020. For further questions about this series, write to , Fellow, Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion.
The television comedy survived only a few months in the sixties, but it had a catchy theme song: “It’s about time, it’s about space, about two men in the strangest place.” In the show, a couple of astronauts travelled at the speed of light and accidentally went back in time instead of space. Talk about disruptive technology! The two men ended up in prehistoric times trying to make sense of life with a cave community, with predictably inane results.
The theme song came to me as I was thinking about the ways both technology and new approaches to product design are blurring the lines between time and space. It’s a neat concept to say that financial services move resources across time (credit and savings) or across space (payments). But just as those astronauts thought they were traveling in space and ended up traveling in time, technology is disrupting financial services, stripping financial services down to their basic elements and allowing those elements to be re-combined in new ways. The quartet of products we can rattle off in our sleep—credit, savings, insurance, payments—no longer have sharp boundaries as technology gives us new ways to store value and as financial services enter new markets. Susan Johnson’s recent research in Kenya showed that we sometimes don’t even know what we’re talking about when we use the words savings and payments. In Kenya, a so-called savings account turned out to serve as merely a payment device for payroll transfers. And she points out the ways experts are grappling with language as financial services encounter mobile phones, e.g. “savings” defined as “keeping money in the phone for at least 24 hours.” (Hey, I can save lots of money by that definition!) Read the rest of this entry »
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